http://www.forbes.com/sites/investopedia/2011/10/27/ten-countries-with-the-cheapest-gas-at-the-pump/

Cheapest at the Pump
It’s not that way everywhere. In fact, in some countries gas is given away or downright cheap. The countries where you can find the cheapest gas at the pump, in U.S. dollars per gallon (2010):

1. Venezuela (7.6 cents)
2. Iran (37.9 cents)
3. Saudi Arabia (60.6 cents)
4. Libya (64.4 cents)
5. Qatar (71.9 cents)
6. Bahrain (79.5 cents)
7. Turkmenistan (83.3 cents)
8. Kuwait (87.1 cents)
9. Oman ($1.173)
10. Algeria ($1.211)

You may notice some similarities between these countries. First, none of these countries are considered to have developed economies. Second, none are considered to be full democracies. Third, they are all countries where you might expect to find oil. Reordering the above ranking according to the “CIA Factbook’s” oil production and consumption statistics for 2010 (For more, read Top Five Oil-Producing Countries In 2011.):

Saudi Arabia (No. 1 production, No. 8 consumption)
Iran (No. 5 production, No. 14 consumption)
Kuwait (No. 11 production, No. 36 consumption)
Venezuela (No. 13 production, No. 24 consumption)
Algeria (No. 16 production, No. 40 consumption)
Libya (No. 18 production, No. 46 consumption)
Qatar (No. 20 production, No. 62 consumption)
Oman (No. 25 production, No. 70 consumption)
Turkmenistan (No. 41 production, No. 72 consumption)
Bahrain (No. 64 production, No. 101 consumption)

PRINCIPAL DEMENSIONS

LOA 33’
LWL ——-
BEAM 11
DRAFT 3’
DISPLACEMENT 11,000 lbs (estimated)
BUILDER (Name/address) Cruisers, `Inc.

CONSTRUCTION: Fiberglass.
CONFIGURATION/LAYOUT: Sunbridge Cruiser.
PROPULSION MACHINERY

MAIN ENGINES Gas Crusaders
Engine(s)-No. Two (2) engines
Make Crusaders
Model 330 hp
S/N(s) ——-
Age 85
Running Hrs 830
Fuel Gas
Rebuild No
No. of Cylinders 8
H.P. 330
Carburetor/Flamer Arrestors Yes/Yes
Cooling System Freshwater Cooled, heat exchangers
Low Oil Pressure Alarm Yes
Condition of Engine Space Bristol

REDUCTION GEAR(S) None, Transmissions Borg Warner, Direct

ENGINE CONTROL(S) Morse Style
Condition/Opinion Good

EXHAUST SYSTEM Crusader Manifolds, Rubber Hose Tri Dent Ply
Hoses Double Clamped Yes
Condition/Opinion Working, Running Cool to the touch

STEERING SYSTEM Teleflex Hydraulics
No. Stations 1
Condition/Opinion Excellent

VENTILATION Aft and Side Deck vents
Condition/Opinion Good

SHAFTS Stainless
Condition/Opinion Good

SHAFT LOGS ——-
Condition/Opinion Good

PROPELLERS ——-
Number of Blades 3
Material Bronze
Diameter 19” (estimated)
Pitch Unreadable
Condition/Opinion Good
STRUT(S) Bronze
Bearing(s) Water Cooled
Condition/Opinion Good

RUDDER(S) ——-
Condition/Opinion Good

THROUGH HULL FITTINGS (MATERIAL) Bronze
Valves (Type) Bronze
Condition/Opinion Bronze

GENERATORS None, Likely removed
No.
Make
Model
Rating
Type of Fuel
Hours of Operation
Exhaust System
Condition/Opinion

AUXILIARY MACHINERY
FUEL SYSTEM ——-
Tanks (No.) 2
Material Metal
Capacity ——-
Location Engine room heat shield adjacent motors
Securing Fastened
Shut off valves Yes
Accessible Yes
Vent Screens Yes
Fills Market Yes
Overflow Drain Overboard Yes
Bonded Yes
Lines and Connections Copper
Type Compression
Water Separation Filters Yes
Compliance Yes
Condition/Opinion Good

WATER SYSTEM Yes
Tanks (No) ——-
Material ——-
Capacity Unknown
Location Under deck
Vent Yes
Fills Marked Yes
Overflow Yes, Vent
Condition/Opinion Good

WASTE SYSTEM Mansfield
Tanks (No) 1
Capacity Unknown
Location Mid-ships
Securing Flanged and bolted
Vent Unknown
Fills Marked Yes
Lines and Connections Plastic/reinforced flex plastic
Condition/Opinion Good

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Yes
Voltage(s) 12 volt / 110
Circuit Protection Panel
Wiring Conduit Copper
Armored Yes
Power Distribution System Shore-Power Switch
Location Main Cabin
Batteries 3
Location Engine Room
Secured Yes
Set in Approved Boxes No
Equipped with Covers No
Master Disconnect Switch Yes
Charger/Converter Yes
Shoreline Connection Yes
Electrical Monitoring System Yes
Cathodic Protection No
Bonding System Yes
Lightning Protection System Unknown
Condition/Opinion Good

COOKING FUEL Alcohol
Tanks (No.)
Material
Capacity
Location
Securing
Shut off valve
Accessible
Vent
Fills Marked
Bonded
Lines and Connections
Type
Condition/Opinion
Compliance

GALLEY EQUIPMENT
Stove Manufacturer
Fuel Alcohol
Oven Microwave
Installation Approved
Shutoff
Refrigeration
In Compliance with Current Standards
Condition/Opinion

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPTMENT ABC Dry Chemical
Portable Fire Extinguisher (No.) 2
Type of Locations ABC
Inspected Not required
Fixed System No
Type Portable
Location Main Cabin
Vent/Smoke Sensors None
Fire Pumps None
Regulatory and Standard Compliance N/A
Condition/Opinion Good

DEWATERING SYSTEM 12 volt pumps
Pumps Quantity 2
Type Rule
Location Forward & Aft
High Water Bilge Alarms No
Condition/Opinion Good

SHIPBOARD AMENITIES
Heating
Type
Air Conditioning
Type
Head (Quantity/Type)
Sinks
Showers
Other
Condition/Opinion

HULL CONDITIONS Fiberglass
Decks Excellent
Sides Excellent
Bottom Excellent
Bulkheads Excellent
Framing Excellent
Fastening N/A
Rails Excellent
Hatches Good
Bilges Good
Housekeeping Good
Last Haul Out 2009
Where Oakdale Yacht
Work Performed Routine Maintenance
Overall Condition Good

LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT
PFD’S—Adult 5
Child 3
U.S.C.G. Approved Yes
Location Main Cabin
Ring Buoy/Horse Shoe Yes
Flares Yes
Horn Yes
Portable Light Yes
First Aid Kit Yes
EPIRB No
Raft No

EQUIPTMENT MAKE MODEL S/N
Loran NO208191V

ELECTRONICS (NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPTMENT)

GROUND TACKLE Danforth

BERTH/MOORING Berth
Location 79th Street Boat Basin, NYC
Security Dock Master 24 hours
Overall Conditions Good

SECURITY (VESSEL) ——-
Alarms NONE
Type N/A

MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPTMENT ——-
YACHT EMPLOYMENT & NAVIGATION N/A

SURVEYOR’S OPINION ——-

VALUES
Approximate Present Value $5,000
Approximate Replacement Value $5,000

Enclosures:
This report is issued on a visual examination of the yacht, machinery and equipment and is not to be construed as a warranty or to guarantee of the seaworthiness or performed of the yacht or motor(s) or equipment, but as an opinion of the undersigned Marine Surveyor. In acceptance of this report no liability shall be attached to this firm or the undersigned in any manner of form.

____________________________________

RECOMMENDATIONS/NOTES:

Trawler for motorhome or sailboat, Trades

http://www.anythingmarine.com

http://www.everyboat.com/pictures/1802-1986-trojan-trojan-tri-cabinSpecs

Builder: Trojan

Dimensions
LOA: 36′
Beam: 13′
Maximum Draft: 3′
Displacement­: 17, 500

Engines
Engine Brand: Chrysler
Engine(s) HP: T-280
Engine Hours: 280

Tanks
Fuel Tanks: 150
Water: 65

Accommodations­
This Trojan will sleep six and has a tv, head, shower, carpet, blinds, sofa and a chair.

Galley
The galley includes a large fridge, microwave, sink and hot water. A second fridge is near the helm.

Electrical
She has 3 batteries, charger, shore power and cords.

Mechanical
She has two AC/heat units, three bilge pumps, bilge blower, engine alarms, fuel shutoffs, holding tank, sea strainers, and trim tabs.

Deck Equipment
She has an anchor and line, dock lines, fenders, horn, swim platform and wipers.

A great design for family or couples cruising. Starting aft, a two level aft deck makes for easy line handling. A small cockpit area makes it easy for water sports and fishing too. Walk arounds on port and starboard start here. There is also a private entrance to the master stateroom off the lower cockpit. One of the highlights of Trojan in this era was a wonderful swim ladder. Up a couple steps to the roomy bridge deck with an L shaped settee and nicely laid out helm. Full engine instrumentation. Down below is a single level salon with galley on same level. Large windows makes the area very open. The aft bulkhead has a settee and there is plenty of room for a couple of chairs and end tables.
. Twin berths and loads of stowage. Forward is a second head and V-berth with insert. Engines are accessed through cutouts in the salon floor. Easy servicing through big openings.

Comparable boats

http://www.yachtworld.com/boats/1984/Trojan-Tri-cabin-2290406/Fort-Lauderdale/FL/United-States

36′ Trojan Tri-Cabin
•Year: 1984
•Current Price: US$ 39,500
•Located In Fort Lauderdale, FL
•Hull Material: Fiberglass
•Engine/Fuel Type: Twin Gas/Petrol
•YW# 64991-2290406

Albin 36 doublecabin 1978

Was used as a liveaboard in NYC for over 20 years, Needs, canvas and some interior freshing up, Lehman needs and injector pump. 20,k

Q N A

Can I get more information.

http://www.cheaptrawlers.wordpress.com

I am very interested. What does the engine need and how much?

a rebuilt injector pump should cost 650 part 500 installed

Electronics?

none
Gen set?

none
Heat/Air?

is set up for oil heat with baseboard radiators, but the gun or the heater needs replacement

http://newyork.craigslist.org/lgi/boa/2409267475.html

General description:

The ALBIN 36 remains a popular trawler with those who enjoy the look and feel of a traditional trawler-style boat and the economy and range of single diesel propulsion. A very handsome design and profile, the 36 Albin features a conventional double cabin layout with a full teak interior. An in-line galley is located in the salon along with a complete lower helm station and pocket door for easy deck walkaround access. an L-shaped convertible settee is to starboard. Both the aft master staterooms have private heads with a tub/shower combination in the master stateroom head. Construction is solid fibergladss and a full length skegprotects the running gear. Topside the flubridge will comfortably seat 8 and comes with mast and boom. Finished with an abundance of exterior brightwork, the teak decks,rails,cabintopdoors, and hatches all add much to the boat’s appearance. additional fatures include a teak swim platform and a teak parquet cabin sole. Powered by a single 120HP Lehman Diesel, the 36 Albin Trawler will cruise at 7.5-8 knots for a 750-800 mile cruising range while only burning approximately 3 gallons per hour. ACCOMMODATIONS: As you enter the salon to port is the galley with Sink, Stove, Refrigerator and good storage; To starboard is a convertible U-shaped settee with table; Forward to port is a complete lower helm station; Down 3 steps forward to port is the guest/day head with a hanging locker to starboard, and the guest stateroom is located in the bow with vee berths and dresser

Comps

631 578 9584

These trawlers routinely sell for 40 to 60 grand

here are some sample listings

http://www.yachtworld.com/boats/1978/Albin-36-Double-Cabin-Motoryacht-2025657/N.-Myrtle-Beach/SC/United-States

http://albinowners.com/aog/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=3778

My Failed TV Show:

The plan was to buy these cheap WRECKS and move, sell them in Canton China: millionaire factory of the world. The idea was to make a convoy and fill up on cheap Venuazaulan Chavez oil [50 cents a gallon], hire some Philippine Captains, fly them into Panama, and ride the ancient trade routes to Asia.

Why I am abandoning ship: the FAKE COPS of Patchogue and lawsuits concerning the http://patchoguesredevelopment.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/fake-cops-lawsuit/

Who I am: BOATPSYCHOTM: [not yet classified by the American Psychiatric Society}

Drunk on women or water, but Drunk nonetheless. What happens when the 12-Step program doesn’t work? When the obsession can’t be controlled? Too many boats too little time. Repetitive rapid-fire boat thoughts crowd out reality. Comin in Over the transom.What if, in fact, the last real claim to freedom is the sea.......The American Experiment in ruins .....the only chance of Honor afloat?
Plan B:
Bill Gates and Warren Buffet gave away part of their fortunes. Although smaller, I'm here to share,….trade……. or give away whatever is left of mine...Sort a, …Kind of…
Bottom line….. I do not know what to do with the Boats that I have accumulated.
Before China and Asia my first instinct it to place them in remote harbors. I have boats in NYC, Key West, and I want a boat in Paris, the West Indies, Caracus, Luperon DR, Cartehegna Columbia...The Amazon....Panama, Manila, the Gulf of Thailand...ect : Call them Botels on the corner of Paradise.Boats are unprecedently cheap: fed by the both the gentreficationa and subsequent wreckage of our economy and waterfront.

Why: …. selling my stuff, or looking for investors: We uncovered a Fake Police Force in my home town of Patchogue andfollowing the bread crums of evidence it led us into a caldrum of New York State corruption. I will not talk [here ] about those who are left dead from the fake Suffolk Cops http://patchoguesredevelopment.wordpress.com/2008/11/02/village-scam-kills-officer/ [this is about the water afterall] but our investigation has uncoverd corruption that deprived NY boaters of their rights to the water. http://patchoguesredevelopment.wordpress.com/2009/06/23/proposed-patchogue-resident-class-action-lawsuit-for-the-local-waterfront-revitalization-programs-lwrp-plan/
Silence of the Boaters
Why are slips are expensive in NY. NyState has criminally masterminded a colossal fraud violating our federal rights and excluded boaters and Marinas from participation in the waterfront. The Dept of State Division of Coastal Resources’ scheme involves over 100, million in contacts which were used to sinisterly deprive the boating public of rights to using the waterfront.
It was a long 5 year investigation in which we broke down and disassemble Bogus NYS contracts, and found hundreds of millions of dollars was paid by NYS [you the taxpayer] to exclude “Joe Boat Public” from the development of NYS Waterways.
Since Jane Jacobs pioneering work in the 60’s, Federal law requires …… that the public was brought into the process and when local municipalities did not have the money, NYS [you the taxpayer] coughed up about 8 million a year, so that we the boating public and small marinas would be included and put first in the process.
What gets dicey is the 8 million a year that was earmarked to have boaters in the mix, was used to keep us out and keep us quiet, and silence the boaters. Ask anyone in the waterfront redevelopments of Greenport, NYC, Freeport, did you know that the redevelopment required thay the public was told the redeveopment was about, and for them? What is unforgivable is that the highest brass of NYS DOS, Coastal Resources knew that the contracts were defective, knew that boater were excluded, knew that the Federal law was being swept aside and the did everything they could to lie, cheat and cover-up to keep it going.
My Asian Convoy: http://www.cheaptrawlers.wordpress.com

Dinner Boat http://www.algraham.com/boat/50 passanger, Winston-Knause, http://www.winstonknaussmarine.com/ three levels, 18 ft beam, Bar, Dinning area, State rooms, stand up engine room 3208 Cats; needs the new (already bought) [USED low Milage truck] engines installed

53 Hatteras 1978 http://cheaptrawlers.wordpress.com/2011/01/10/53-hatteras-my-78/ This Vessel Flash sunk in FRESH WATER when a covered Slip building collapsed on her due to heavy snow. The motors were, pickeled and the port motor runs. The other motor fires but then stalls. Which is symptomatic of a bad injector pump.The aft cabin roof cracked The alluminum poles that hold the hard top are bent.The swim platform and the rails were mangled.Nothing is known about the Generator.

Albin 36 doublecabin 1978 http://cheaptrawlers.wordpress.com/2011/01/11/albin-trawler-36ft-36-albin-trawler/ Was used as a liveaboard in NYC for over 20 years, Needs, canvas and interior freshing up, Lehman needs and injector pump. 20,k or sailboat trades

36 ft GulfStar Gulf Star Perkins Deisel 1980 Custom Project boat: 15K sailboat trades http://cheaptrawlers.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/36-ft-gulfstar-perkins-deisel-1980-custom-project-boat-trades/
ril 16, 2009, 7:54 am
Cheap Gas? Try $1 a Tank
By Kate Galbraith
HummersDavid Rochkind for The New York Times A Hummer dealership in Venezuela, where gas is typically cheaper than anywhere else on the planet.

Last month, I paid a brief visit to Venezuela. Aside from the glorious, 80-degree weather, the most astonishing thing about the country is the rock-bottom price of gas.

It cost $1 — including tip — to fill up the Subaru Forester that my hosts were driving. Just to repeat: that’s $1 for a tank!

Venezuela has long been among countries with the cheapest gas on the planet. It is an oil producer, and like other countries with similar oil resources, it heavily subsidizes the price of gasoline to its own people.

My colleague Simon Romero has written about the subsidies in the past, noting that in 2007, the cost to the government of President Hugo Chávez was estimated at more than $9 billion a year.

“Many Venezuelans consider oil to be a birthright,” said Miguel Tinker-Salas, a professor of Chicano and Latin American Studies at Pomona College, who fills up his Toyota Corolla for less than $1 when he visits Caracas.

Mr. Tinker-Salas noted that there is a healthy trade in contraband gasoline along Venezuela’s border with Colombia (where gas is far costlier). “Many Colombians will build two tanks on their cars and come across the border,” he said.

With gas so cheap, there are plenty of Hummers in Venezuela — but that may not be to Mr. Chavez’s liking. “Chavez has criticized the consumers of large S.U.V.s as detrimental to the environment and to society,” Mr. Tinker-Salas said.

Gas prices around the world
Think you pay a lot for gas? Perhaps you’d prefer to live in Venezuela.

NEW YORK (CNN/Money) � Gasoline prices in the United States, which have recently hit record highs, are actually much lower than in many countries. Drivers in some European cities, like Amsterdam and Oslo, are paying nearly 3 times more than those in the U.S.

The main factor in price disparities between countries is government policy, according to AirInc, a company that tracks the cost of living in various places around the world. Many European nations tax gasoline heavily, with taxes making up as much as 75 percent of the cost of a gallon of gasoline, said a spokesperson for AirInc.

In a few Latin America and Middle-East nations, such as Venezuela and Saudi Arabia, oil is produced by a government-owned company and local gasoline prices are kept low as a benefit to the nation’s citizens, he said. All prices updated March, 2005.

Nation City Price in USD Regular/Gallon

Venezuela Caracas $0.12

Source: air-inc.com

More on gas prices »»

http://www.chinapost.com.tw/business/americas/2009/04/06/203140/World%27s-cheapest.htm

Business
Africa
Middle East
Europe
Americas
Asia
Global Markets
Updated Monday, April 6, 2009 10:43 am TWN, AP
World’s cheapest gasoline in Venezuela may get hiked up
CARACAS, Venezuela — Venezuela has the planet’s cheapest gasoline: At 12 cents a gallon (3 cents a liter), it costs about 30 times less than bottled water.

Venezuela still has the world’s cheapest gasoline, according to the Washington D.C.-based consulting firm PFC Energy.

Venezuelan leaders have largely avoided raising gas prices since 1989, when more than 300 people died in rioting after the government allowed energy prices to rise. Chavez’s predecessor, Rafael Caldera, did slash subsidies in 1996 and 1997; but while Chavez, who took office in 1999, eliminated cheap leaded fuels, he has otherwise left prices unchanged.

Chavez’s government won’t say how much income it forgoes each year to reduce domestic fuel costs. But the Caracas-based consulting firm Ecoanalitica estimates that Venezuela last year lost US$8.8 billion.

What’s more, costs are now rising for Venezuela as output sags at the nation’s aging refineries. The world’s 11th-biggest oil producer has been forced to import a growing amount of gasoline.

When asked by The Associated Press about maintaining the subsidies, Oil Minister Rafael Ramirez said only that the price tag is “very high.”

Economists warn that Venezuela is now in a tough spot. Raising desperately needed cash by lowering subsidies would almost certainly fuel inflation, which at 29.5 percent in Caracas is already Latin America’s highest.

When gasoline prices spiked for much of the rest of the world last summer, there were radical changes in consumer behavior and governments quickly revisited their energy policies.

CURRENTS: riding the wind

View Other Images From This Gallery

Article Summary

February 14, 2005 A Hamburg-based company has developed a sailing propulsion system that

February 14, 2005 A Hamburg-based company has developed a sailing propulsion system that can be retrofitted to almost all large ships, enabling us to reharness the enormous energy potential of the wind! With minimal operating costsSan-Diego-Symphony-Finances , the wind-power ed system could make shipping more profitable, safer and more independent of declining oil reserves. It’s ironic that the motive force that enabled the Spanish, English, Dutch, Portugeuse and Chinese to explore the world 500 years ago might have a second golden age thanks to a German company but the technology is sound and the prize for success will be immense. World trade is conducted principally by ships. Ships carry 98.2% of intercontinental goods, and 98% of all cargo vessels are powered by diesel engineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine . In 2002, ships used 25 billion Euros worth of fuel. The Skysails system is expected to more than halve fuel costs.

SkySails GmbH was established as industrial engineer Stephan Wrage and naval architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect Thomas Meyer at the end of 2001 in Hamburg and was the first company to be funded by the German Government’s innovation acceleration scheme IdeenFONDS. The criteria for IdeenFONDS assistance were that the company should have a proven management team and the technology should be highly innovative with high market opportunities.

Since then, SkySails has also received financial support from the Innovationsstiftung in Hamburg and Wirtschaftsbehörde in Hamburg.

The Skysails Technology

The SkySails propulsion system consists of a fully automatic towing kitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite system and routing software, which allows for the use of the most favourable winds.

The company claims almost every merchant and passenger vessel can be equipped or retrofitted with the SkySails system.

The towing kite is filled with compressed air to obtain optimally-shaped aerofoil profiles and can deliver up to 5,000 square metres of sail, all operated by an autopilot and wind-optimised route management for the best possible energy utilisation.

The operating altitude of the scales can be up to 500 metres and as the speed of the wind increases considerably with height, even at heights of assumed wind calmness the company believes sufficient wind energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power is available to enable ship owners to stay on schedule and halve their fuel costs.

One of the obvious potential drawbacks, that ships fitted with the system would “heel” (tilt to the side with the force of the wind), has been overcome. A ship with a SkySails system does not heel, because it has inbuilt aerodynamic autopilot force control.

As the sail is spatially separated from the body of the ship the reduction of the ship’s effective area by the system is economically insignificant. In its packed state the towing kite is easy to stow and takes up very little space. The existing crew is sufficient for the operation of the ship and the sail. Thus no additional staffing expenses are necessary.

Index
Sail Cat
Kite Sail

REVOLUTIONARY NEW OPTION UNDER DEVELOPMENT: The impressive features and capabilities of this boat would keep many owners content with either the power- or trawler- cat configuration (utilizing twin 50 to 225 HP outboard engines). But during the summer of 2003, this extraordinary vessel will pioneer a revolutionary new type of sailing. Leisure sailing with a custom-built, inflatable, steer-able sail is scheduled along the beautiful east coast of Florida, utilizing an easy-to-operate inflatable sail engineered with proprietary technologies derived from modern kite-surfing and skydiving. When operated under sail alone, without power, cruise performance is anticipated in the 15 knot range.

Imagine the versatility of sailing under a mast-less, fully stowable inflatable sail similar to the sails recently pioneered by youthful kite-surfing enthusiasts. No running rigging. Not even any standing rigging. Nothing to reveal your hidden sailing capabilities.

Kite Sailing Update: 8-11-03,

watch a small clip of us sailing

Kite Sailing Update: 8-24-05

Kite Sailing Update: 12-07-05

We are now selling Kite Sails with bag, lines and control sheets included.

Kite Sail Price List

Tested the 10 Meter kite on the beach to learn how to control the kites, we had a lot of fun, and were amazed by the amount of power the sail had.

Tested the 40 meter sail on the 40′ Power-Cat:
We had an 8-10 knot wind, and tested the sail from a “broad reach” to a “Run”. We achieved 5.5 – 6.5 knots in our testing.

Tested the 70 Meter sail on the 40′ Power-Cat:
Again, we had an 8-10 knot wind, and tested the sail from a “broad reach” to a “reach”, and finally in a “run”. We achieved 6.8 – 9.2 knots in our testing.
The testing was a lot of fun, and we have found a few things to work on. We need to work on the deployment, and the rigging to ease operation, but it shows potential.

Click on images to enlarge

Sneakers on beach 80,000 sneakers and their travels across the sea have informed studies of winds and currents.

The quintessential prevailing winds are the trade winds of the Pacific and Atlantic subtropical oceans, which blow steadily westward and slightly toward the equator at average speeds of around 11 to 13 miles per hour. The trade winds (named centuries ago by sailors on trade ships crossing the North Atlantic, because of the helpful push the winds gave them on westward treks) are found at around 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south latitude, sandwiched between a band of low pressure near the equator and high pressure belts in the middle latitudes. In the high pressure regions at the eastern edge of the ocean basins where the winds originate, the climate is typically hot, sunny, and dry (Baja California, for example); as the winds move westward across the oceans, they gain moisture, which is eventually dumped on the islands at the western side of the ocean basins.

At that western edge, the winds turn first toward the poles, and then loop back east to become prevailing westerlies (winds flowing to the east from the west). These westerlies are responsible for the far better surfing on the Pacific side of North America compared to the Atlantic side. In the Pacific, the westerlies blow in the same direction as waves rolling toward shore from storms out at sea, building up their height; in the Atlantic, the prevailing winds blow against the incoming waves, shrinking them down to unsurfable sizes.

The five major oceanic gyres

Ocean currents (1943)
Major ocean surface currents. NOAA map.
An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of ocean water generated by the forces acting upon the water, such as the Earth’s rotation, wind, temperature, salinity

The sverdrup, named in honour of the pioneering oceanographer Harald Sverdrup, is a unit of measure of volume transport. It is used almost exclusively in oceanography, to measure the transport of ocean currents. Its symbol is Sv. Note that the sverdrup is not an SI unit, and that its symbol conflicts with the sievert’s. It is equivalent to 106 cubic meters per second (0.001 km³/s, or about 264 million U.S. gallons per second). The entire global input of fresh water from rivers to the ocean is equal to about 1 sverdrup.

The Route Panama To Manila
i’m in panama!

http://clairelight.typepad.com/atlast_galleon_trade/2008/07/im-in-panama.html

Panama_bus

Shininghours_letterl

ook familiar?

No, it’s not a jeepney, and I didn’t take the picture myself. This, above, is a pitcher of a painted Panama bus. I was wondering, before I arrived last night, if I really should post about my Panama trip on atlas(t): Galleon Trade, but one gander at the buses in Panama City laid my concerns to rest. This trip belongs on this blog.

Aside from the jeepney-esque buses, the close (but no ceegar) latitude of Panama City to Manila (Panama is souther, but less stifling hot), the history as a Spanish colony and then, in the 20th century, as an American colony, and its importance on a major trade route (in Panama, that last clause is an understatement), I say, aside from all that, I’m making this trip at exactly the same time I made the Manila trip last year. So there.

The trip is actually the perfect expression of travel, trade, and hybridity: it’s a family reunion. My (Chinese) mother’s oldest brother lives here, as do his two oldest daughters and their assorted kin. His daughters, my first cousins, are fourth generation Panamanian Chinese (my grandfather was, if you count back, second generation). But my mom was actually born and raised in Hong Kong. As I was just telling someone the other night, scratch any overseas Chinese family (or Filipino family) and you’ll find that they haven’t migrated just once, or to just one place, or in just one direction, or definitively, ever.

Manila Galleon
From WikiPilipinas: The Hip ‘n Free Philippine Encyclopedia
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A painting of a Spanish galleon by Albrecht Dürer.
A painting of a Spanish galleon by Albrecht Dürer.

The Manila galleons were Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in New Spain (now Mexico). Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued into the early 19th century. The Mexican War of Independence and the Napoleonic Wars put a permanent stop to the galleons. Though service was not inaugurated until almost 60 years after the death of Christopher Columbus, the Manila galleons constitute the fulfillment of Columbus’ dream of sailing west to go east to bring the riches of the Indies to Spain and the rest of Europe.

Discovery of the route

The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade began when Andrés de Urdaneta, sailing in convoy under Miguel López de Legazpi, discovered a return route from Cebu City to Mexico in 1565. Attempting the return, the fleet split up, some heading south. Urdaneta reasoned that the trade winds of the Pacific might move in a gyre as the Atlantic winds did. If in the Atlantic, ships made a wide swing (the volta) to the west to pick up winds that would bring them back from Madeira, then, he reasoned, by sailing far to the north before heading east, he would pick up trade winds to bring him back to the History of the west coast of North America|west coast of the North America. Though he sailed to 38 degrees North before turning east, his hunch paid off, and he hit the coast near Cape Mendocino, California, then followed the coast south to Acapulco. Most of his crew died on the long initial voyage, for which they had not sufficiently provisioned.

By the eighteenth century it was understood that a less northerly track was sufficient, but galleon navigators steered well clear of the forbidding and rugged fogbound California coast; “they generally made their landfall well down the coast, somewhere between Point Conception and Cabo San Lucas|Cape San Lucas. After all, these were preeminently merchant ships, and the business of exploration lay outside their field, though chance discoveries were welcomed.” (Shurz in SHQ)

The first motivation for exploration of Alta California was to scout out possible way-stations for the seaworn Manila galleons on the last leg of their journey. Early proposals came to little, but in the later eighteenth century several Manila galleons put in at Monterey, California|Monterey.
[edit] Spice trade

Trade served as the fundamental income-generating business for Spanish colonists living in Manila. A total of 110 Manila galleons set sail in the 250 years of the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade (1565 to 1815). Until 1593, three or more ships would set sail annually from each port. The Manila trade was becoming so lucrative that the merchants of Seville petitioned Philip, complaining of their losses, and secured a law in 1593 that set a limit of only two ships to sail each year from either port, with one kept in reserve in Acapulco and one in Manila. An armada, an armed escort was also allowed.

With such limitations, it was essential to build the largest possible galleons, which were the largest ships built anywhere up to that time. In the sixteenth century, they averaged from 1,700 to 2,000 tons, were built of Philippine hardwoods and might carry a thousand passengers. The Concepcion, wrecked in 1638, was 43 to 49 m (140-160 feet) long and displacing some 2,000 tons. Most of the ships were built in the Philippines and only eight in Mexico. The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade ended when Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, after which the Spanish crown took direct control of the Philippines. (This became manageable in the mid-1800s upon the invention of steam power ships and the opening of the Suez Canal, which reduced the travel time from Spain to the Philippines to 40 days.)

The galleon carried spices transshipped from the Spice Islands to the south and porcelain, ivory, lacquerware and processed silk cloth from China and Southeast Asia, to be sold in European markets. Until Japan closed its doors in 1638, there was some trade with Japan as well. The cargoes were transported by land across Mexico to the port of Veracruz (city)|Veracruz on the Caribbean, where they were loaded onto the Spanish treasure fleet bound for Spain. This route avoided the long and dangerous trip across the Indian Ocean and around the Cape of Good Hope, a route that was barred by the Dutch once they were in control of the Cape Colony. The Spanish knew that the American continent was much narrower across the Geography of Panama|Panamanian isthmus than across Mexico. They tried to establish a regular land crossing there, but the thick jungle and malaria made it impractical.

Europe longed for Chinese wares, but China was quite self-sufficient. The only product that Chinese markets really sought was the American silver from Zacatecas, Zacatecas|Zacatecas and even from Potosí which would be shipped to Acapulco to be transshipped to Manila. It is estimated that as much as a third of the New World silver was going directly to China by this route. It took four months to sail across the Pacific Ocean from Manila to Acapulco, and the galleon was the main link between the Philippines and the viceregal capital at Mexico City and thence to Spain itself. Many of the Spaniards in the Philippines were actually of Mexican descent. In fact the Hispanic culture of the Philippines is closer to Mexican culture than any other. Even when Mexico finally gained its independence, the two nations still continued to trade, except for a brief lull during the Spanish-American War. The Manila galleon sailed the Pacific for nearly three centuries, bringing to Spain their cargoes of luxury goods, economic benefits, and cultural exchange.

The wrecks of the Manila galleons are legends second only to the wrecks of treasure ships in the Caribbean. In 1568, Legazpi’s own ship, the San Pablo (300 tons), was the first Manila galleon to be wrecked en route to Mexico.

Other names: Acapulco Galleon, Nao de China.

PRE DESTINATION

Manila’s port, at the mouth of the Pasig River, is thought to have been founded in the 12th century. When Legaspi arrived there, trade along the river was controlled by a local leader named Sulayman. Sulayman burned everything that could be of use to the Spaniards and fled across the river to Tondo, where he prepared a fighting force to get rid of the colonizers. On 3 June 1571, the Battle of Bangkusay Channel was won by the Spanish, as the locals’ spears and arrows were no match for the Spaniards’ superior muskets and cannons. Sulayman’s death marked the beginning of Spain’s rule over the archipelago, which would last 327 years. Immediately after the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, Legaspi started the construction of Spanish Manila and spreading Catholicism, as well as feudalism. Trade remained the colonizers’ priority though, with the Spaniards using the Philippines as a stop-over point for their China-Mexico trade route.

Manila Yacht Club:

Philippines Manila Yacht Club
Manila Yacht Club: For those of you who think this is somewhere else, South Florida perhaps, then you are wrong. This is just in Manila, and the buildings in the distance are the buildings of Roxas Boulevard. Photo taken at the Manila Yacht Club, near the Philippine Navy Building.
Photo by storm-crypt

Manila Bay South, Malate, Manila City
Manila Bay webcam Roxas Boulevard Malate Metro Manila Philippines Bay View webcam: Manila Bay, Malate, Metro Manila, Philippines [View Location Map..]
Hour 18 2009-08-08 6

Manila Bay, Malate, Manila, is perhaps the most beautiful place from where to watch the famous Manila Bay sunset. This Philippine webcam faces south-southwest and is situated in an apartment building, East of Roxas Boulevard (formerly Dewey Boulevard), facing the Baywalk in the Malate hotel district of Manila City; the webcam delivers a view over the yacht club typhoon shelter and the Cultural Center of the Philippines, out across Manila Bay to historic Sangley Point, on the coast of Cavite province. Roxas Boulevard′s Baywalk area is where locals and tourists alike come every afternoon to stroll along the waterfront and watch sailing yachts, dragon boats and other water craft silhouetted against the rich, blood red Manila Bay sunset. Manila is home to some of Asia′s historic, luxury hotels as well as some of the most modern luxury hotels franchises.

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Manila Yacht Club

MYC
Founded 1927
Clubhouse 2351 Roxas Boulevard, Manila.
Country Philippines
Website http://www.manilayachtclub.org
Sunset in Manila Bay

The Manila Yacht Club (MYC) is a members-only yacht club based in Manila, Philippines and located in Manila Bay. The club is one of the oldest yacht clubs in Asia.

The club is located in one of the major yachting hubs of Southeast Asia, the Philippines, consisting of over 7,100 Islands.

The club organizes numerous competitions internationally and regionally. It also co-organizes events. Its members frequently join major international as well as Philippine yacht racing events. This list includes the China Sea Race, begun by the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club in 1962. The other Asian regattas that MYC sailors join include the King’s Cup of Thailand and Rajah Muda of Singapore.

The MYC also participates in annual “Presidents Cup Regatta”, a major Philippine sailing event that spans the entire country. The Current Presidents Cup will be held in Boracay.[1]

[edit] History

Through the efforts and the passion of sailing, five devoted yachtsmen, James C. Rockwell, Joseph A. Thomas, Aubrey P. Ames, Stewart E. Tait and A.S. Heyward, the first by-laws of the Club were signed on January 20, 1927. The Club was established to encourage and develop boating throughout the country, The club also strived to teach fair play, and to teach people about yachting, camaraderie and good sportsmanship.

With a rich history of over 75 years, there is no doubt that the Club also went through a lot of rough sailing in the past. The pleasure of sailing was stopped in December 1941 when World War II began. The Americans confiscated the boats docked at the MYC basin for fear that the Japanese soldiers might use them to launch an attack on Corregidor. The boats were sunk and others were set on fire. Sailing then came to a complete halt from 1941-1945 when the United States and the Philippine Commonwealth troops arrived to liberate Manila. The US Army occupied the Club and in March 1947, MYC was able to secure the property where it stands today. Women also started to become members of the Club during that time.

The Club began to join some international sailing competitions in the 1960′s. The Philippines was the first Asian country to participate in the Olympics yachting events. Also during that time, eighty percent of club membership was composed of Americans and other expatriates.

In the 70′s, expat membership declined and they began to leave the country due to the dictatorship of the Martial Law years. Membership picked up again during the mid-80′s until the early 90′s. But sailing went down in 1995 because of the Asian Economic Crisis.

Since the Philippines is considered to be prone to typhoons and devastating storms, the boat owners had problems in maintenance and safety of their yachts. The solution came about in 1998 when the height of the seawall was increased to protect the boats anchored at the basin of the Manila Yacht Club. The following year, another major project materialized with the launching of the floating berths which serves as a place of protection for the boats in the basin. From then on, maintenance and accessibility became easier.

In 1998, the Club became a proprietary corporation when members became shareholders. A member can sell his share or pass it on to his heirs.

The Manila Yacht Club is also affiliated with the Philippine Sailing Association and aims to race competitively in local and international sailing events.[2]

Philippine Captain Wanted

http://mployd.com/job.php?id=6844

eing one of the world’s largest archipelagos with 7,107 islands and an extensive coastline that is almost twice as long as that of the United States, the Philippines has a proud and great seafaring history stretching to over thousands of years ago when the first balanghay, (basic and prehistoric dug-out canoes of maritime Southeast Asia) set sail in its waters of the South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea and as far as the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean after the thawing of the last Ice Age. At present, the only flotilla of these boats that were excavated in Butuan was known to exist only in the Philippines and an ambitious expedition of Filipino adventurers are planning to follow the ancient routes using a replica of these boats to go around the Philippines, then Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and eventually Madagascar in later years.

The boat manned by the seafaring people of Tawi-tawi called the Badjaos, the Philippine Mount Everest Team and representatives from the Philippine Navy will set sail on 24 June 2009 from Manila Bay. Closer to the Spanish colonial era, the Philippines served as a vital link to what is now called as the Maritime Silk Route – connecting the trading Chinese to the very important Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade during the Spanish Period. In recent years, the Philippines has supplied the majority of the crew of world’s ships – and it is no exaggeration that it is possible that there is a Filipino seaman anywhere in the world working on a ship at any given time as Filipino seafarers are known to be the most skillful and the most reliable in the international maritime industry.

Philippines Manila Yacht Club Sunset
Manila Yacht Club: Still one of the best sunsets in the world. This is the Manila Bay sunset viewed near the Philipine Navy and Manila Yacht Club area.
Photo by storm-crypt

It is with this unparalleled and internationally distinguished maritime history and tradition that the Philippines finally deserved a premier residence for the sailing elites and one of the hubs of the upper crust of the country. With the backdrop of one of the most famous sunsets in the world in probably the best natural harbor anywhere on the planet – the famed Manila Bay sunset, the love affair with the sea was finally consummated when James C. Rockwell, Joseph A. Thomas, Aubrey P. Ames, Stewart E. Taite and A.S. Heyward formed the Manila Yacht Club on 20 January 1927 making it one of the oldest in Southeast Asia and became one of the most important sailing hubs along with Singapore and Hong Kong. Manila Yacht Club today is considered as the Grand Dame of Philippine Yacht Clubs being the most prestigious and the oldest yacht club in the Philippines with affiliate membership with yacht clubs in over 90 countries around the world and a local membership of at least 400.

It was actually at the former location of Manila Polo Club which was located next to Manila Bay where the first by-laws of the club were signed. For unsuspecting locals, Manila Yacht Club was something totally removed from the annals of mainstream Philippine history, and was just another pretty but a tad elitist addition in its margins. But this is a gross under-appreciation. Few know that the seawall that forms a basin where Manila Yacht Club is now located was initially built by the Americans as a place where they could anchor their seaplanes called the China Sea Clippers. However, the United States Federal Aviation disapproved the design and the declared the basin unsafe for anchorage as the breakwater was not high enough to arrest the strong current and the area too exposed to the typhoon winds that seasonally blow into Manila. Manila Yacht Club seized the opportunity to seek permission to use it and soon after an airy two-story clubhouse was built on the site. The 17-boat Star Class was the club’s largest fleet then and in 1936, the Dragons (or Ankers) made their sailing debut with the club. The original clubhouse was located at the Southeast corner of the yacht basin, along Roxas Boulevard (formerly called Dewey Boulevard) facing Manila Bay.

Philippines Manila Yacht Club Sailboat Manila Yacht Club: A sailboat setting off from the Manila Yacht Club